91) In relation to occupational dermatitis,
A) Identify TWO causative agents
1) Acids
2) Alakalies
3) Detergents
4) Mineral Oil
5) Organic Solvent
6) Metal salts
7) Latex
8) Wet Cement.
B) Describe the typical symptoms of the condition.
Reddening of the skin.
Itchiness
Flaking
Cracking & bleeding with
possible injection & ulceration.
C) Outline specific measures
designed to prevent the occurrence of occupational dermatitis.
Change of process or a
substitution of the material or substance being used.
A reduction in exposure.
Provision of the PPE
(gloves, apron etc).
Use of barrier and after
work creams.
Provision of adequate
washing facilities.
‘IT IS’ on the causes &
prevention of dermatitis.
92) Describe the physical features of traffic routes within a workplace designed to ensure the safe movement of vehicles.
Adequate width of a traffic routes with avoidance of blind corners.
Separation of vehicles &
pedestrian with the provision of barriers & refuges.
One way system with turning
circle to reduce the need for reversing.
Firm, even and well
maintained round surface.
Roadways unobstructed and
signed to indicate speed limits, rights of way & no entry.
Visibility aids such as
mirrors, transparent screens across doorways & lighting.
Traffic calming measures
such as road humps.
Marked pedestrian crossing
points on vehicle routes.
93) In relation to a work place fire risk assessment, outline the issues that should be taken into account when assessing the means of escape.
Widths, travel distances.
Protection against smoke,
fire, lighting.
Signage and
Specifications for doors
(closers, direction of opening, glazing, etc).
Assessment should consider
the provision and sitting of fire fighting equipment and the adequacy of
assembly points.
94) Outline the precautions to be taken when repair work is to be carried out on the slopping roof of a building.
Assessment should be made to gauge the condition of the roof and to check for the presence of fragile materials and / or asbestos.
Means of access (e.g.
scaffolding), the use of roof ladders, crawling boards and full arrest
equipment, and edge protection to prevent the falls of persons and materials.
Provision for transporting
tools and materials to the roof and for the removal of waste, barriers at
ground level.
The use of appropriate PPE
such as hard hats & footwear.
Employment of trained &
competent personnel.
95 A) Identify TWO types of injury that may be caused by the incorrect manual handling.
Prolapsed or slipped discs.
Torn ligaments.
Muscular strains.
Cuts & abrasions.
Outline a good handling technique that could be adopted by a person required to lift a load from ground.
Placing the feet slightly
apart & close to the load.
Bending at the knees.
Keeping the back straight (
or maintaining a natural curvature).
Maintaining a good grip.
Keeping the load close to
the body without twisting and lifting smoothly using leg muscles.
Initial assessment of the
load and lift prior to undertaking the task.
96) Outline the precautions to be taken to minimize the risks to the persons working in cold stores operating at sub-zero temperature.
Precautions against being locked in the cold store (e.g. doors capable of being opened from the inside and the installation of alarms).
Measures to protect the
employees against the escape of refrigerant gas.
The need for pre-employment
examinations & continuing health surveillance.
‘IT IS’ on the hazards
associated with this type of work & precautions to be taken.
Provision of thermal
clothing.
Restricting the time spent
in the cold store with regular breaks.
Availability of warm drinks.
97) List the items that should be included on a checklist for the routine visual inspection of portable electrical appliances.
Need to check that the appliance is of a suitable type for the operations to be carried out.
Connecting plugs are in
sound condition and sockets not overloaded.
Fuses fitted are of the
correct ratting.
The appliance is operated at
reduced voltage (where appropriate) and / or protected by a residual current
device.
Cables are undamaged &
routed safely.
Casing of the appliance is
in good condition.
Need to check that a
portable appliance test (PAT) has been carried out and is current, and that the
relevant information is recorded.
Inventory of the types of
electrical appliance that should be checked without listing the particular items
that should be subject to a visual inspection.
MANAGEMENT OF HEALTH & SAFETY
98) Following a significant increase in accidents, a health and safety campaign is to be launched within an organization to encourage safe working by employees.
Outline how the organization might ensure that the nature of the campaign is effectively communicated to, and understand by employees.
A variety of means (posters,
emails, toolbox talks, training sessions etc). could be used to communicate and
reinforce the message with account taken of the language used in order to
facilitate understanding (avoidance of jargon, use of plan English etc).
Toolbox Talks, suggestion
boxes, surveys and informal means of consultation can be used to involve
employees and to provide a feedback loop to check that employees understand
what the campaign is about and to assess the level of support.
Provide feedback to
employees on how the campaign is progressing so that focus on the campaign’s
objective is maintained.
Ensure that everybody within
an organization knows the part that they are to play within a health &
safely campaign.
Other than poor
communication, describe the organizational factors that could limit the
effectiveness of the campaign.
i) Lack of senior management
commitment.
ii) Production or other
pressures taking priority over health & Safety.
Insufficient resources
allocated to the campaign.
Poor safety culture in
general.
It should also have been
recognized that poor working conditions are likely to induce cynicism towards
the campaign amongst employees.
In addition, poor industrial
relations or a lack of confidence in management’s ability could mean that the
campaign is not given the support of influential members of staff.
Work patterns (e.g. shift
work) could also mean that some sections of the workforce are not fully
considered or supported, possibly due to the non-availability of the staff.
99) Outline the duties placed on employees by,
The Health & Safety at work etc Act 1974 (Section 7 & * – H SWA 1974)
Section 7 of the act
requires employees to take reasonable care for themselves and others, who might
be affected by their acts or omissions, and to cooperate with their employer or
enable them to comply with their own statutory duties and requirements.
Section 8 requires that no one (including employees) shall intentionally or recklessly interfere with or misuse anything provided in the interests of health, safety or welfare.
B) (Reg 14 –MHSWR-1999) :
Requires employees to use
all work items in accordance with the training and instructions that they have
been given.
Requires employees to inform
their employers (or a specified employee with health & safety
responsibilities) of work situations that could present a serious and immediate
danger, as well as any shortcomings that they might reasonably recognize in the
existing arrangements for H & S.
100) Most occupational accidents can be attributed in part to human error. Outline ways of reducing the likelihood of human error in the workplace.
The use of skilled, competent and properly trained employees.
Ensuring that they are well
motivated.
Avoiding monotonous work
process and arranging breaks to counter fatigue.
Designating clear roles
& lines of responsibilities.
Ensuring adequate level of
supervision.
Establishing good lines of
communication with the workforce.
Ensuring the clarity of
instructions and information passed on to them.
Addressing workplace
environmental issues such as noise, light and heat.
Designating the workplace
& work equipment to reduce the opportunity for error ( e.g. automation,
unambiguous and clearly marked controls, monitoring & confirmation of
actions & feed back loops.
Implementing policies an
alcohol & drugs.